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January - June 2018
Volume 15 | Issue 1
This journal has been online since Saturday, April 05, 2013
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ORIGINAL ARTICLES
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PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG ADULTS IN MAIDUGURI, NIGERIA
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Rufa’i AA, Oyeyemi AL, Salamatu UA, Saidu IA, Aishatu US, Oyeyemi AY
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Background: Engaging in sufficient physical activity (PA) improves health and quality of life (QOL) across all ages.
Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between demographic variables, PA and QOL among adults in Maiduguri, Nigeria.
Methods: A total of 390 apparently healthy male and female adults (age range =18–65 years) in Maiduguri participated in the study. PA level was assessed with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire- Short Form. Health-related QOL was assessed using the physical and mental components summary scales (PCS & MCS) of the MOS Short Form-12 health survey questionnaire. Pearson’s correlation was used to explore the relationships between age, PA and QoL of the participants.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 29.51±10.12 years. About half of the participants were males (52.8%) and employed (54.4%). Age was inversely correlated with total PA (r= -0.13, P<0.001) and PCS (r= -0.32, P<0.001). Total PA was negatively correlated with PCS (r= -0.13, P= 0.010) but positively with MCS (r= 0.17, P= 0.001). There was significant difference in total PA (P<0.001), PCS (P<0.001) and MCS (P<0.05) between female and male, and also between the employed and unemployed. Also, there was significant difference in PCS (P<0.001) and MCS (P= 0.003) between participants with higher education and those with non-formal education.
Conclusion: Significant relationships were found between demographic variables, PA and QOL components among the participants. These results affirm that PA is important to improving the QOL of adults in Maiduguri.
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ORIGINAL ARTICLES
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PREVALENCE AND CAUSES OF OCULAR MORBIDITY AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN SOKOTO METROPOLIS, NORTH-WESTERN, NIGERIA
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Olatunji Lawal K, Oche Mansur O, Adamu Habibullah1, Mohammed Dantani A, Abdulsalam Latifatu B, Arisegi Sarafadeen A
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Background: Vision plays an important role in child development, as this is essential for receiving visual sensory information from the external environment and social development.
Objectives: This study aims at determining the prevalence and causes of ocular morbidity among primary school children within sokoto metropolis.
Materials and Method: A descriptive cross sectional survey of primary school children in Sokoto metropolis was carried out between July 2016 and August 2016. Relevant socio-demographic history and ocular examination was carried out on the primary school children that were selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. Data were entered and analysed using the MS Excel 20 and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (IBM SPSS) version 20.
Results: A total of 184 pupils were surveyed; 85 (46.2%) were males and 99 (53.8%) were females. The age range was between 5 and 15 years and the mean age was10.84years ± 2.19. The prevalence of ocular morbidity among the primary school children was 29.3%. Conjunctivitis was found to be the commonest ocular morbidity with a prevalence of 17.9% followed by refractive error with a prevalence of 7.6% while no cases of colour vision or cataract were seen.
Conclusion: The sheer magnitude of ocular morbidity among primary school children calls for need to introduce or improve the school eye health program as part of the routine school heath services.
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ORIGINAL ARTICLES
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PTERYGIUM EXCISION WITH PRIMARY CLOSURE IN SOKOTO, NORTH WEST NIGERI
Mohammed Dantani Adamu
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Background: The essence of pterygium surgery is to excise the pterygium and inhibit recurrence. Multiple surgical techniques have evolved over the years to excise the pterygium and inhibit its recurrence.
Objective: To determine the outcome of pterygium excision with primary closure in terms of recurrence.
Methods: A retrospective review of medical records of all patients who had pterygium excision with primary repair during the study period at Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital and Specialist Hospital, Sokoto was undertaken. Data on demographic variables, extent of pterygium and pterygium recurrence after 6 months and postoperative
complications were extracted and analyzed.
Results: There were a total of 32 eyes in 32 patients studied with age range between 26 to 68 years {mean age of 47.2 (SD +12.32)}. There were 15 males and 17 females (M:F = 1:1). Majority of the patients had stage 3 pterygium (65.3%) followed by stage 2 (27.2%) and stage 4 pterygium (7.5%) was the least in frequency P=0.02, CI (2.50-2.95). There were twenty-nine patients (90.6%) with primary pterygia while three (9.4%) had recurrent pterygia. 56.2% of the patients had occupations with possible significant exposure to actinic damage. Recurrence occurred in 12.5% of the patients after 6 months’ follow-up.
Conclusion: Pterygium excision with primary closure appears to be safe and effective. Future comparative case series and randomized controlled studies are recommended
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ORIGINAL ARTICLES
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Pattern of Cancers at a Rural Referral Centre in North-Eastern NIGERIA
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Hadiza A. Usman, Bala M. Audu, Ibrahim M. Sanusi, Mohammed Bukar, Pindiga U. Hamidu2
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Background: Cancers have wide regional, urban/rural variations in reported prevalence.
Objectives: To determine the baseline pattern of cancers in the first 5 years from Hospital-based records of cancer cases at Federal medical centre Nguru, Northeast Nigeria.
Methods: A retrospective review of all histologically confirmed cancer cases managed at a rural referral tertiary health facility in Northeast Nigeria for the period 1st January, 2009 to 31st December, 2013 was undertaken.
Results: Of the 237 histological specimens during the period under review, 165 (69.6%) were cancers. Female cancers (n=101; 61%) were more than male cancers (n=64; 39%) and the mean age (±SD) for all cancers was 48.1(±18.7) years. The mean age for cancer was lower in females (Student t-test 5.103, P < 0.001). The mean ages for the 3 commonest cancers in this centre were; 45.1 ± 15.2 years for breast; 49±10.9 years for cancer of the cervix and 67.4±7.6 years for prostate cancer. The commonest cancer sites were in the female and male genital tracts. However, review of individual cancers showed that breast cancer was the commonest (n=31; 18.8%) followed by prostate cancer (n=29; 17.6%). The 3rd commonest cancer was that of the cervix which constituted 11.5% (n=19). Skin (excluding melanoma), gastrointestinal, head and neck and melanoma constituted 8.0%, 6.6%, 6.0% and 4.2% respectively. Only 1 case of childhood cancer (endodermal sinus tumour) was seen in an 18 months old child while cancers in teenage age group (13- 19 years) constituted 3% (n=5); there were 2 squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, 1 each for Hodgkin’s lymphoma, osteosarcoma and a retinoblastoma.
Conclusion: The pattern of cancers in this rural population is similar to findings in other parts of the country. Women have the highest burden but a lower mean age of cancers in this study. Breast, prostate and cervical cancers were the 3 commonest cancers constituting 48% of the cancer burden. There is the need for strategic preventive measures, including the establishment of an oncology unit, to reduce the burden of cancers in this community. |
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GASTRIC CANCERS AND TRIO OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION, CHRONIC GASTRITIS AND GASTRIC MUCOSAL INTESTINAL METAPLASIA AS SEEN IN JOS UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSPITAL, NIGERIA
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| Kwaghe BV, Ochigbo AJ, Nggada HA, Emmmanuel I, Abobarin OI, Akpa PO, Richard KS |
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Background: In 1994 Helicobacter pylori was classified as class 1 human carcinogen by the IARC (WHO), based on epidemiological evidence. Experimental evidence was subsequently provided by Wantabe et al. This has triggered several studies on the prevalence of H. pylori in patients with Gastric cancers in various regions of the world. In Africa the infection rate in various populations as reported by some studies are not parallel to the incidence of morbidity caused by this infection.
Objective: To determine the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection, Chronic gastritis, Gastric mucosal intestinal metaplasia with Gastric cancers.
Methodology: This was a retrospective histopathological study of all gastric cancers with adjacent non – cancerous epithelium seen between January 2005 and December 2012 in the department of Histopathology, Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH). Blocks and archival slides were used for the study.
Results: Out of the 79 cases of gastric cancers seen within the study period, only 46 cases had adjacent non-cancerous epithelium and were included in the study. This comprises of 38 cases of Adenocarcinoma and 8 other tumours. Chronic gastritis was seen in 33 (71.7%) cases. Intestinal metaplasia was present in 14 (30.4%), while H. pylori was seen in only 7 (15.2%) cases.
Conclusions: Gastric cancers are not rare in Jos and there is a relationship between it and the trio of H. pylori infection, chronic gastritis and gastric mucosal intestinal metaplasia.
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
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COLORECTAL POLYPS IN KANO: A TEN YEAR HISTOPATHOLOGICAL REVIEW
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Yusuf Ibrahim, Aminu Dahiru MC
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Background: Colorectal polyps are mucosal growths that occur in the large intestines. The adenomatous variants are precursors of colorectal cancer which is the third and fourth most common cancer among males and females respectively.
Objectives: This study documents the frequency, distribution and histopathological characteristic of colorectal polyps in our centre.
Method: This was a 10-year retrospective study of colorectal polyps diagnosed in the Pathology laboratory of a tertiary hospital from 2007 to 2016. Archived histopathology slides were reviewed to confirm the diagnosis. Relevant clinical information was obtained from patients' request forms. Data were presented as mean, standard deviation, frequencies and percentages. Relationships between neoplastic polyps and age, gender and anatomic site were measured using Fishers exact test.
Result: There were 124 cases of colorectal polyps recorded. Of these, were 82 (66.0%) males and 42 (34.0%) females (M:F=1.9:1). The average age at presentation was 29.0 ±23.6 years. Highest frequency of 45(36.2%) cases was in the 1st decade of life. There were 87(70.0%) cases in distal colon/rectum while 37(30.0%) were in the proximal colon. Juvenile polyps had the highest frequency overall, (60 cases, 48.0%), followed by tubular adenoma (31 cases, 25.0%), hyperplasic polyp (11 cases, 8.9%), villous adenoma (9 cases,7.3%), inflammatory polyp (6 cases,4.8%), tubulo-villous adenoma (3 cases, 2.4%), retention polyp (2 cases, 1.6%) and sessile serrated polyp (2 cases, 1.6%). There were 43 (34.7%) cases of neoplastic polyps. The average age of patients with neoplastic polyps was 47.3 years and they are located mostly in proximal colon (23/37 cases) (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Colorectal polyps are common in our environment especially juvenile polyp encountered mostly in children. We recorded significantly lower prevalence, lower mean age at presentation of neoplastic polyps compared to Western populations. This highlights the need for earlier age screening colonoscopy to detect and treat premalignant polyps.
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
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SONOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF CAROTID ARTERY LUMINAL DIAMETER AND DEGREE OF STENOSIS IN ADULT DIABETIC PATIENTS IN UNIVERSITY OF MAIDUGURI TEACHING HOSPITAL, NORTH EASTERN NIGERIA
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| Ahmadu MS, Mubi BM, Adeyomoye AAO, Ahidjo A, Adeyinka AO, Tahir AA |
Background: Carotid artery luminal diameter measurements have been used as clinico-radiological index of carotid artery atherosclerosis in patients with diabetes mellitus. Luminal diameter values have also been used in epidemiological and interventional studies as surrogate index of carotid atherosclerosis. However, values for luminal diameter measurements in diabetic patients are scarce in our environment.
Objectives: This study evaluates the carotid artery luminal diameter dimensions and degree of stenosis among adult diabetic patients using carotid duplex ultrasonography (CDUS).
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out at the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. One hundred and twenty adult diabetic patients aged 20 - 78 years had CDUS for measurements of carotid artery luminal diameter and degree of stenosis. Measurements were taken at 1cm below and 1cm above the carotid bulb for the common carotid (CCA) and internal carotid arteries (ICA). Pearson’s correlation and Student t-test were used to compare the means between the variables.
Results: There were 72 males and 48 female diabetic patients aged 20 to 78 years (mean = 50.03±11.4 years). The mean luminal diameter, in millimeters (mm), for normal (non-stenotic) carotid arteries on the right and left were (CCA=6.58±0.52 and 6.51±0.50; ICA=4.80±0.29 and 4.79±0.31); and abnormal (stenotic) were (CCA=6.41±0.62 and 6.35±0.62; ICA=3.44±0.44 and 3.11±0.29) respectively. A total of 75 patients (62.5% of study population) had no carotid artery stenosis; 38 patients (31.7%) had <50% carotid stenosis; 6 patients (5.0%) had 50-69% carotid stenosis; and 1 patient (0.8%) had 72% carotid stenosis. The prevalence of carotid stenosis in diabetic patients was 37.5% in this study. Negative and significant correlation was noted between percentage degree of stenosis and luminal diameter (r== - 0.5; p=<0.05).
Conclusion: The findings of this study have indicated the presence of atherosclerotic changes in the carotid arteries of adult diabetic patients in our environment who are at risk of developing stroke from carotid stenosis. CDUS has proved to be a valuable diagnostic and screening tool in the evaluation of these patients because of its safety, low cost, wide availability, and accuracy in detecting carotid artery disease. |
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
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LUND-MACKAY SCORING OF INCIDENTAL PARANASAL SINUS COLLECTION ON COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY SCAN OF HEAD AND NECK IN THE UNIVERSITY OF BENIN TEACHING HOSPITAL, NIGERIA
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Ighodaro O. Emmanuel, Ehigiamusoe O. Festus
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Background: Many a times during computed tomography scan of the head and neck, incidental density is noted in the paranasal sinuses in patients who are asymptomatic and there is need to document the degree of such opacification.
Objectives: To document the opacification and generate a numerical scoring system described as Lund Mackay Score which eases communication between the Radiologist and the referring Ear, Nose and Throat Surgeon in describing sinusitis.
Methods: This is a prospective study done in the Radiology Department of University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin, Edo, Nigeria. A total of 150 patients were enrolled for this study with 62% being male and 38% being females. They were patients who had cranial and neck computed tomography scans for pathologies other than that related to the sinuses.
Results: The mean age of the study population was 52.70±18.71years. Cerebro-vascular accident was the commonest indication for computed tomography scan in this study (49.3%). The total Lund Mackay Score was 0.803±2.90 for all sinuses being 0.417±1.47 for the right sinuses and 0.386±1.43 for the left sinuses. For the right, the maxillary sinus had the highest Lund Mackay Score with a value of 0.210±0.46 while the posterior ethmoidal sinus had the least Lund Mackay Score with a value of 0.027±0.16. For the left sinuses, the maxillary sinus also had the highest Lund Mackay Score value of 0.173±0.40.The posterior ethmoidal sinus also had least Lund Mackay Score value of 0.033±0.18. The Lund Mackay Score of the osteomeatal complex was 0.013±0.12 and 0.007±0.08 for the right and left respectively.
Conclusion: This study has documented the Lund Mackay score for incidental paranasal sinus
opacification as seen on computed tomography scan in our environment.
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
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MOLECULAR AND CONVENTIONAL METHODS OF DETECTING RESPIRATORY VIRUSES AMONG CHILDREN WITH LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION IN SOKOTO, NIGERIA
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| Shuaibu A. Hudu, Nabil S. Hamal |
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Background: Most infections of respiratory tract are caused by viruses but bacteria with viruses contributing to a higher proportion of infection.
Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the epidemiology of respiratory viral infections among children less than five years of age hospitalized with acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRTIs) at Specialist Hospital, Sokoto using conventional and molecular detection methods.
Methods: The cross-sectional study was designed to investigate the occurrence of respiratory viruses including (RSV), human Metapneumovirus (HMPV), influenza virus A and B (IFV-A and B), parainfluenza virus 1, 2, 3 and 4 (PIV 1, 2, 3 and 4), human rhinoviruses (HRV), human enterovirus (EV), human coronaviruses (HCoV) 229E and OC43, human Boca virus (HBoV) and human adenovirus (HAdV) among hospitalized children with acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRTIs), at Specialist Hospital, Sokoto, from June 16 to December 21, 2010. The present study was also designed in part to assess the performance of the conventional methods against molecular methods.
Results: Etiologic agents were detected in 158 (95.8%) of the patients. Single virus was detected in 114 (67.9%) patients; 46 (27.9%) were co-infected with different viruses including double-virus infections in 37 (22.4%) and triple-virus infections in 9 (5.5%) ca;ses. RSV (50.3%), with predominance of group B, played a major role. Other etiological agents including HAdV, HMPV, IFV-A, PIV 1-3, HBoV, HCoVOC43 and EV were detected in 14.5, 9.6, 9.1, 4.8, 3.6, 2.4 and 1.8 percent of the samples, respectively.
Conclusion: Our results demonstrated the potential usefulness of molecular detection methods compared with conventional methods for the diagnosis of ARTIs among hospitalized children. This is the first report of HMPV, HBoV and HRV infections among hospitalized children in Sokoto.
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
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A TEN-YEAR REVIEW OF CHILDHOOD PATTERN OF ENDOCRINE DISORDERS SEEN IN FEDERAL TEACHING HOSPITAL GOMBE
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| Alkali YS, Adamu S, AB Ningi, A Girbo |
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Background: The endocrine system is a network of glands which produce hormones that regulate metabolic functions of other cells and organs. Disruption of this system results in abnormalities of growth, development and reproduction. These conditions are not rare in childhood but due to lack of diagnostic facilities, they are not looked for and are therefore under-reported. However, they should be detected early and managed promptly to avert the morbidity and possible mortality that may be associated.
Objectives: To describe the pattern of childhood endocrine diseases in Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe.
Methodology: A retrospective hospital-based study in which data were extracted from case notes of children with endocrine disorders. These case notes were traced from the registers of all paediatrics units and general out-patient departments. These case notes were subsequently reviewed and relevant data extracted and entered unto a proforma. Outcome measures as well as complications of those admitted were also noted.
Results: Ninety-four out of 14,943 paediatric cases seen were endocrine disorders giving a prevalence of 6.3/1000 with a male/female ratio of 1.5/1. Most of the cases (75%) presented before the age of ten years and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus was the commonest disorder recorded.
Conclusion: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is the commonest paediatric endocrine disorder seen in Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe.
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
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EFFECT OF SUB-CHRONIC ORAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPOSURE OF MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE ON BIOMARKERS OF HEPATIC AND RENAL FUNCTION IN MALE WISTAR RATS
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| Hassan Abdulsalam, Jamila A. Atata, Ali Waziri, Mohammed A. Chiroma, Joseph J. Gadzama, Modu B. Monguno, Sani N. Abdulazeez, Israel J. Barde |
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Background: Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a food additive that acts as a preservative or as enhancer of palatability and is locally called Ajinomoto or white magi in Nigeria.
Objectives: This study assessed the effect of sub-chronic oral exposure to monosodium glutamate (MSG) on some plasma biomarkers of hepatic and renal function in adult male Wistar rats.
Methods: Sixty-four adult male Wistar rats of average weight 150 to 200 g were randomly assigned into two groups of MSG-treated and non-MSG-treated control rats (n=64). The control rats were orally given distilled water only while the MSG-treated rats were administered 5 g/kg body weight of MSG at concentration of 500 mg/ml daily throughout the period of the experiment that lasted 8 weeks; feed and water were provide to both groups ad libitum. A total of 8 rats, 4 per group were sacrificed weekly for blood sample collection and analysis of hepatic and renal biochemical indices.
Results: the result of biochemical analysis showed significant increase (P = 0.05) in mean of Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Urea and Creatinine activities in the MSG-treated rats.
Conclusion: The increases in the levels of plasma biochemical parameters signal some level of alteration in the normal physiologic function of both liver and kidney.
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
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CAREER ASPIRATIONS OF MEDICAL STUDENTS AND MEDICAL INTERNS IN GHANA. IS THERE A DIFFERENCE?
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| Yifieyeh AC, Duduyemi BM, Kumahor E, Kotoku E, Moses MO, Fefemwole P, Akwetey FM |
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Background: Understanding the reasons for the selection of medical specialties by medical graduates is necessary for policy formulation and targeted mentoring to prevent a skewing of the lean resources and maximize the improving doctor to patient ratio in Ghana. This is particularly so due to an increase in the desire for specialization among medical graduates since the establishment of the Ghana College of Physicians and Surgeons.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was designed. To consenting first and final year clinical students of the School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana and first and second year medical interns at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital and Sunyani Regional Hospital respectively were administered semi – structured questionnaires. Data were analysed with SPSS version 24 and result put in tables and graphs
Result: Three hundred and forty and 100 questionnaires were administered to students and interns with 92% and 75% responders’ rate respectively. The M: F ratio for students and interns were 1.23:1 and 1.34:1 respectively. Postgraduate specialization and additional qualification were desired by all categories irrespective of sex, financial or family consideration. Surgery (43.9% students; 33.3% interns) and Internal Medicine (23.8% students; 24% interns) were the 2 most popular choices.
Conclusion: While Surgery and Internal Medicine appeared to be the favoured choices by our students and interns, deliberate effort through mentoring is required to avert lop-sidedness in workforce in our hospitals.
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
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ANALYSIS OF BACTERIAL LOAD IN DOMESTIC WATER SOURCES IN EKPOMA, EDO STATE, NIGERIA
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| Jemikalajah, Daniel Johnson |
Background: Drinking water must be free from harmful microorganisms that can cause serious ill health. Supplies of drinking water may be contaminated with sewage allowed to seep into wells or bore-holes, or faecal matter from man and animals passed into rivers, streams or pools of water.
Objectives: This study was carried out to ascertain the bacteriologic quality of domestic water sources used in Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria from February 2016 to June 2017.
Methods: Ten samples each of domestic water sources (sachet water, bore-holes, storage tanks, wells and river) were collected and bacteriological analysis was carried out using the total viable count and multiple tube fermentation technique to determine the most probable number of coliforms/ E. coli.
Results: The highest mean total viable count (TVC) of bacterial load of 4.1 x 106 CFU/ml was obtained for river water followed in descending order by 1.5 x 106 CFU/ml, 7.5 x 105 CFU/ml, 3.2 x 105 CFU/ml and 1.9 x 10 CFU/ml for reservoir well, reservoir tank, bore-hole and sachet water sources respectively on nutrient agar. The highest mean total viable count of bacterial load of 4.1 x 103 CFU/ml was recorded for reservoir tank followed by 1.3 x 103 CFU/ml, 3.7 x 102 CFU/ml, 3.6 x 102 CFU/ml and 0.0 CFU/ml for reservoir well, bore-hole, river water and sachet water sources respectively on macConkey agar. The highest mean of most probable number (MPN) for the presumptive total coliform counts of 140 MPN/100ml was observed for river and the lowest 0.4 MPN/100ml for sachet water. Also, the highest mean of most probable number (MPN) for faecal Escherichia coli counts of 31 MPN/100ml was obtained for reservoir well and the lowest 0.0 MPN/100ml for sachet water.
Conclusion: This study has shown that there is urgent need for an effective, thorough sanitary condition and proper purification given the bacteriological state of these water bodies in order to maintain good quality water. |
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CASE REPORT
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CONGENITAL CYSTIC EYE: A CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL REVIEW
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| Musa ZY, Askira BH, Zarami AB |
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SUMMARY
Congenital cystic eye is an extremely rare congenital anomaly that results from failure of the invagination of the primary optic vesicle between the 2mm and 7mm stage of fetal development in which the globe is replaced by a cyst. Management is multidisciplinary involving but not limited to the Ophthalmologist, Paediatrician, Radiologist, Histopathologist, an ocularist and a counsellor. Surgical intervention is usually carried out for cosmetic reasons and to confirm the diagnosis. We present the case of a seven-month female infant who presented with right orbital mass since birth and a normal left eye. She had excisional biopsy done and histology confirmed the diagnosis
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CASE REPORT
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BILATERAL PROXIMAL FEMORAL FOCAL DEFICIENCY IN A NEONATE: A CASE REPORT
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| Ahmadu MS, Farate A, Farouk AG |
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SUMMARY
Proximal femoral focal deficiency is a rare and complex skeletal anomaly characterized by failure of normal development of the proximal femur, shortening of the lower limb, and pelvic abnormality especially the acetabulum. It was first described by Aitken in the late 1950s. It commonly occurs as a unilateral form but the bilateral variant is rare occurring in 10-15 % of cases. To the best of our knowledge, bilateral proximal femoral focal deficiency has not been reported in Nigeria. We, therefore, present this case in a 25-day-old neonate who presented to our hospital with features consistent with this complex skeletal anomaly.
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CASE REPORT
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HETEROTOPIC PREGNANCIES FOLLOWING NATURAL CONCEPTION; A REVIEW OF FOUR CASES
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| Muhammad B. Aminu, Lamaran M. Dattijo, Aliyu U. Elnafaty |
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SUMMARY
The occurrence of spontaneous pregnancy (viable or not) in one or more sites other than the endometrial cavity at the same time is an unusual phenomenon. We aimed to draw attention to
the varied clinical manifestations and outcomes of heterotopic pregnancy (HP) amongst four consecutive patients who were managed in our facility over a two-year period. It is imperative
for all clinicians to have a high index of suspicion for HP when seeing a woman of reproductive age with suspected ectopic.
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CASE REPORT
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REMOVAL OF DISTALLY MIGRATED CANNULATED INTERLOCKING TIBIAL NAIL USING SCHANZ SCREW; A CASE REPORT
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| Mamuda AA, Bello, B. |
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SUMMARY
Background: Distal migration of nails is one of the reasons for nails removal, though they are hardly reported in relation to cannulated interlocking nails.
Objectives: To present a rare case of distally migrated cannulated interlocking nail of the tibia and a proposed technique for the removal of the nail using Schanz screw.
Case: A 55year old woman had cannulated interlocking nailing for diaphyseal left tibial fracture 5 years prior to presentation. She later had septic loosening of the distal locking screw with subsequent symptomatic distal migration of the nail despite united osteosynthesis. Attempt at free hand removal using conventional instruments failed due to increased distance of the nail from the entry point, malrotation and lack of visibility of the nail following obliteration by fibrous and granulation tissues within the nail cavity. Thus, an improvisation with Schanz screw, due to its threading surface was used to capture and remove the nail successfully without any cortical damage of the bone.
Conclusion: The use of Schanz screw is a safe, cheap and effective means of free hand removal of distally migrated cannulated interlocking nails.
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