Abstract Objectives: To determine the prevalence of hyponatraemia inpatients with End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) in our centre.Methods; One hundred patients with CKD comprising 68 malesand 32 females were enrolled into the study. Patients'demographic data were compared with controls. Serum sampleswere taken for electrolytes, urea and creatinine, calcium,phosphate, total protein albumin and virology. Ultrasonographywas also done on all the patients.Results; 100 patients aged between 15 and 74yrs (mean±SD of35.29±14.17) and 57 controls aged 15 to 75yrs (mean±SD of39.9±13.58) were studied. There was no significant difference inthe ages of the patients and controls (p=0.79). The casescomprised 68 males and 32 females. Mean±SD age of males was41±13.27yrs and that of the females was 36.06±13.64yrs. Two(2%) of the study population had severe hyponatraemia withserum Na less than 120mmol/l, while 47 (47%) had mild tomoderate hyponatraemia with serum Na between 120-134mmol/l; in contrast to 49 (49%) who had normal serum Nabetween 135-145mm0l/l, and 2 (2%) who had hypernatraemawith serum Na greater than 145mmol/l.There is no age or sex predilection in the distribution ofhyponatraemia in the study group (p=0.854 and p=0.436,respectively).We conclude that there is no statistical difference in the serum Naconcentration among patients with CKD regardless of theaetiology and degree of renal dysfunction (p=0.076 and p=0.722).Hyponatremia is common among ESRD patients undergoinghaemodialysis and this problem should always be looked forbecause majority of patients with this condition areasymptomatic. Author Affiliations:Corresponding Author:Keywords: hyponatreamia end stage renal diseaseMaiduguriDepartment of Medicine,University of Maiduguri TeachingHospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria.DR IBRAHIM UMMATEDepartment of Medicine,University of Maiduguri TeachingHospital, PMB 1414, MaiduguriMobile; 08035138334, 08023552876E-mail; This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Abstract Background: Vesico vaginal fistula commonly affects the poor,less educated, teenage group and those experiencing their firstdeliveries.Objective: To determine the epidemiological variables rassociated with vesico vaginal fistula.Methodology: A total of 80 case records of VVF patientsmanaged over a 10 year period were retrospectively studied.Relevant information pertaining to age, parity, and cause of VVFand outcome of management were retrieved from the case notes.The data was analyzed using SPSS package.Results: VVF Constituted 1.4%, of the total Gynecologicaladmissions and 8.0% of the major Gynecological surgeriesperformed during the period. The prevalence was highest amongthe Hausa/Fulani and the Kanuris. Majority (76.2%) were over 20years, with a peak-age specific prevalence rate of 33.8% at the 20-24 years age group. Teenagers only accounted for 23.8%. Mostpatients sustained the VVF during their first childbirth (51.3%),by the second delivery 78.8% were involved. All the teenagershad only one delivery, while all the grandmultipara were 40 yearsand above. Ninety percent of them had no supervised antenatalcare and had their deliveries at home under traditional birthattendant (TBAs). In about 90% prolong obstructed labour wasthe leading cause and most patients belong to the social class IVand V. Seventy five percent had successful repair, while about50% were either divorced or neglected by their husbands.Conclusion: Vesico-vaginal fistula remains one preventablemedical/social calamity, now afflicting not just teenagers andprimipara, but predominantly older and parous women. Publichealth education with the provision of accessible efficientintrapartum care is the cornerstone to eradicating this problem. Author Affiliations:Corresponding Author:Keywords:*Department of Obstetrics andGynaecology Federal Medical CentreNguru ** Department of Obstetricsand Gynaecology University ofMaiduguri Teaching HospitalDR AA KULLIMADepartment of Obstetrics andGynaecology, Federal Medical CentreNguruEmail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. VVF, epidemiology,northeastern, Nigeria, maiduguri
800x600 Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 st1\:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";} ABSTRACT Background: Cryptosporidium specie is an enteric, coccidian parasite that is associated with diarrheal diseases in children and immunocompromised patients; and it is responsible for high mortality particularly in developing countries. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of Cryptosporidium oocyst in diarrheic patients seen at the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital. Result: Two hundred and sixty-five (265) diarrheic faecal specimens were received and examined for Cryptosporidium oocyst using the Modified Zeihl-Neelsen staining technique. 60 (22.7%) faecal specimens were positive for the oocyst, frequency of occurrence of the oocyst were high among retroviral and malnourished patients; and featured prominently in the adult age groups compared to the children age group. Conclusion: Though the prevalence level of 22.7% is low, it however reveals the association of Cryptosporidium species with diarrhoea in this environment and the need for its awareness and inclusion in the routine laboratory request; particularly in diarrheic cases of the malnourished and immunocompromised patients. Keywords: Cryptosporidium spp, diarrhoea, Maiduguri.